System of multiple-electric-motor control.



No. 769,812. PAT-ENTED SEPT. 13, 190 w. BAXTER, JR.

SYSTEM OF MULTIPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 29. 1903. NO MODEL.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 769,812. PATEN-TED SEPT. 13, 1904 W. BAXTER, JR.

SYSTEM OF MULTIPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL.

' APPLICATION FILED AUG. 29. 1903.

H MODEL.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

\A/wruzsss NVENTOR Q f,

N0. 769,812. PATENTED'SEPT. 13, 1904.

W. BAXTER, JR.

SYSTEM OF MULTIPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 29. 1903. NO MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 wnwases:\NVEN W-oR (Jaw. flaw 9 SHEET 4.

4 SHEETS- INVENTOR ATENTED SEPT. 13, 190

W. BAXTER, JR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 29. 1903.

SYSTEM OF MULTIPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL.

N0 MODEL.

W/TNESSES tors to be controlled.

. UNITED STATES Patented September 13, 1904:.

PATENT OFFICE.

SYSTEM OF IVIULTIPLE-ELECTRlC-IVIOTOR CONTROL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 769,812, datedSeptember 13, 1904.

Application filed August 29, 1903. Serial No. 171,2L5. (N0 model.)

To all whom, it TH/KLJ/ concern.-

Be it known that I, VILLIAM BAXTER, J r., a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Jersey City, .in the county of Hudson andState of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Systems of Multiple-Electric-Motor Control, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to means for controlling the motion of one ormore motors from a more or less distant point by the movement of asimple switch which controls. the flow of currents in circuits in whichare connected electromagnetic switches that control directly the flow ofcurrent in the circuits of the mo- It is intended particularly for usein connection with railway-trains made up in part or in whole ofelectricallypropelled cars, but is also applicable to any case in whichit is desired to control the operation of a number of motors from asingle point by the movement of a master switch or controller.

The object of the invention is to secure reliability of action,simplicity in construction, perfect control of the motion of all themotors automatically, and to protect them from the injurious efiects ofexcessive currents, whether due to overloads or other causes.

In the drawings furnished herewith the system is shown as applied to anelectric-railway train made up of cars provided with two motors eachconnected in the series-parallel relation now so commonly used and canbe more clearly explained in connection with these drawings.

Figure 1 represents the system applied to a single car, the current foroperating the motorcontrolling switches being derived from thetrolley-line. Fig. 2 shows the system also as applied to a single car,but difl'ers from Fig. 1 inthatthecurrent to operatethemotor-controlling switches is derived from a storage battery, and inaddition the connection of the motors in the circuit is different, andon this account the arrangement and connection in the circuits of thecontrolling-switches is somewhat modified. Figs. 3 to 7 show the variousmodifications in the connections of the motors in the circuit producedby the action of the controller-switches in Fig. 1. Figs. 8 to 12 showsimilar circuit changes produced by the action of thecontroller-switches in Fig. 2, and Fig. 13 shows the system applied to atrain of cars.

The construction of the switches and other devices used forms no part ofthis invention. Therefore I have used such forms as most clearlyillustrate the actions in a diagram. The invention is not restricted toany particular arrangement of the controlling-switches or of the circuitconnections through which they are operated by the movement of themaster-switch, and it is for the purpose of more clearly illustratingthis fact that I have shown the two radically different diagrams Figs. 1and 2. Each of these diagrams shows the system as applied to a singlecar, but as the arrangement of all the parts would be the same on anynumber of cars that might be used these diagrams fully illustrate thesystem as applied to a train consisting of any number of cars, as willbe more fully shown hereinafter.

In all the drawings the same parts are designated by the same numbers orletters.

In Fig. 1 the magnets B B, together with levers 2 5 6 and the contacts 3L 7 3, represent the main switch of the motor-controller. This switch isarranged so that when B is energized the levers are drawn upward andconnect the motors so as to run in one direction, while if B isenergized the levers are depressed and the motors are connected so as torun in the opposite direction. The switches actuated by the magnets L L,N N, M, and P are for the purpose of changing the connection of themotors from series to parallel. The magnet Q actuates the car-brakes.The switches C D E F H 1 are for the purpose of cutting in or out thestarting resistance in the motorcircuit, and this resistance isdesignated by R. The magnet J, with rotating armature, is acurrent-regulator, and its oflice is to prevent the movement of switchesC to I too rapidly when the car speed is accelerating. The magnet K is acut-out to open the circuit through the motors if the current becomesdangerously strong. The lines 13 1e 15 16 represent wires that serve toconnect the master-switches 68 with the controller-switches. Theseline-wires run to couplings at the ends of the car, so that they may beconnected with similar wires on the other cars of the train. The currentfor operating the motor-controlling switches isv drawn from thetrolley-wire T through wire 69. In the diagram two master-switches 68are shown, one being located at each end of the car, and these areconnected with 69 by wires 68. The switch 66 is for the purpose ofreversing the direction of rotation of the motors. The indicator 63 isfor the purpose of indicating when the motors on any particular car ofthe train are cut out. The switch 64 is for the purpose of cutting themotors back into the circuit without stopping the train. The switches 64and 66 in. addition to serving for the purpose just named also providemeans for rendering any or all of the indicators 63 and master-switches68 inoperative by disconnecting them from the circuit. If a train ismade up of, say, four cars, the linewires 13 14 15 16 of all the carswill be connected with each other, and there will then be eightmaster-switches, eight 64 and eight 66 switches connected in the linesin the same manner as those shown in Fig. 1. Each car will be providedwith a trolley to connect its motors with the line generally. If not,the wire 69 will be extended throughout the length of the train, and thewire tof each car will connect with it, as will also the master-switchwires 68. With either of these arrangements all the motors of the traincan be operated from any one of the eight master-switches. As it isnecessary that the train be operated from one point only, the switches64 and 66 will be closed at that point and will be left open at all theother master-switches. Let us suppose that the train is operated fromthe master-switch at the left and that switch 66 is turned so as toconnect with line wire 14. Then as soon as masterswitch 68 is turned soas to connect with contact 67 current will pass to wire 15 and thenthrough 48 to brake-magnet Q, and through 48' to ground-wire 9. Thus thebrake-magnet will be energized, and the brakes will be removed, so thatthe train will be in condition to start as soon as the current is turnedonto the motors. If the motorman nowmoves 68 to the second step, it willconnect with the contact at the end of resistance 66 and the currentwill pass to junction 69, to switch 66, wire 14, and wire 17. Throughthe contact of lever 61 the current will flow to wire 19, to 21, andthrough magnet B to wire 42, and through the switch-contacts at 43 toWire 41, and thus to g. The magnet B being energized will draw up thelevers 2 5 6, connecting them with 3 4 7, respectively. The circuitthrough the motors will now be closed .in series as follows: fromtrolley-wire t to a and through the resistances R R R R R R to 1 andthrough the wire connection to terminals l of the field of motor A,through the field to terminal 2, and through wire 2 to J, thence through2 to lower coil of K and through 2 to lever 2 of main switch B B. Fromlever 2 the circuit will continue to contact 3 and through the wire tocontact 3 of motor A, through the armature to 4, and thence to contact 4of switch B B, from here through lever 5 to the contacts 5 5 of switchM, to contact 5 of switch N N, and to armature-terminals 5 of motorAthrough the armature to terminal 6, and thence to contacts 6 6 of switchP, and thus to lever 6 of switch B B, through lever 6 to 7, and thus tofield of motor A and through the field to ground-wire g. This will givethe connection of motors and starting resistance shown in Fig. 3. Itwill be noticed that when magnet B draws up the switch-levers lever 2will slide off the contacts 43, and thus cut a resistance 50 intothecircuit of B. At the same time lever 6 will slide over contacts thatconnect wire 31 with wire 19, and thus permit current to pass to magnetC and through the latter to wire 40 and to ground. In this Way O becomesenergized, but not until after B B has moved to an active position. Assoon as (J is energized it will lift its plunger and cut out one of theresistance-sections R, and at the same time, through theconnecting-plate 2', wires 25 and 26 will be connected, thus permittingcurrent to flow through magnet D. The wire 25 runs to the right-sidecontact 32 under plate a of magnet I and through this plate to the othercontact 32 and thence by wire 36 to 25, which connects with wire 24between the small contacts of switch N N. At switch L L wire 24 isconnected with 24 through the insulated center section of lever b, andwire 24 is connected through the center insulated scctionof lever 1 ofswitch N N with wire 41, which latter is connected with ground-wire 9.Thus it will be seen that as soon as magnet C lifts its plunger thecircuit through D is closed. This magnet will now lift its plunger andcut out another R section of the starting resistance and will also cutinto circuit-magnet E by closing the gap between wires 26 and 27. Inlike man'- ner the switch-magnets F H I will be actuated one after theother. Then I is energized, plate 6 is lifted from contacts 32 32, andresistance 49 is cut into the circuit of magnets D to I. Plate 2'connects contacts 33 33, and thus closes the circuit between wires 33and 45, so that a continuous circuit through magnet L is established, asfollows: from 19 through 21 to, L to wire 34 to 33, through insulatedend of lever b to wire 33 and thence through contacts 33 33 to wire 45and ground. From this it will be seen that the circuit through L is openuntil magnet I has lifted its plunger. Hence L cannot act until all theresistances R have been cut out of the motor-circuit. Even at this stageL cannot act because the current passing through it is not strongenough; but if now the motorman advances the master-switch 68 to thelast step the current from 68 will pass directly to wire 66, and thuscut out resistances 66. In this way the current will be increasedsufficiently to energize magnet L and draw down lever b. The downwardmovement of b will break the connection between 33 and 33; but at thesame time the insulated center section of the lever will connect thethree small contacts at the lower side of the switch, and in this way34; will be connected directly with 2& and with ground in the manneralready explainedthat is, through wires 11 and 4:1. The connectionbetween wires 2a and 2 L will be broken by the downward movement of I),so that the switches D to I will be rendered inactive. The portion of bthat slides over contact a is connected with the pivoted end of thelever and is insulated from the other parts, so that through thisconnection 1 will be connected with 8, thus giving the circuitconnections shown in Fig. 4. From wire 21 wire 22 branches off and leadsto magnetswitch M, returning from the latter through 22 to one of thelower small contacts of switch L L and through the insulated section of5 to wire 24: and to ground. In this way switch M becomes energized andlifting its plunger opens the circuit between the contacts 5 5, therebydisconnecting and 5, which will give the circuit connections shown inFig. 5. The magnet N of switch N N derives current from wire 19 through21", which passes to 35, and as soon as M acts the lifting of itsconnecting-plate joins 35 with 22, thus energizingh and lifting lever 1.In this way 1 and 5 are connected, giving the full parallel connectionof the motors, as shown in Fig. 6. As soon as lever 1 is raised itsinsulated center section connects wires 24 and 24, and thus the circuitthroughthe magnets of switches D to I is reestablished, and the processof cutting out the resistances R will begin.

Fig. 3 shows the motor-circuit connections made as soon as the mainswitch 13 B has been moved by the action of B. The magnetswitches C to Ithen begin to act and cut out the R resisistanees one by one, leavingthe motors in the circuit connected in series with all the startingresistance cut out. In this condition the train can run for any lengthof time. If the motorman desires to increase the speed, he advances themaster-switch to the last step, and then magnet L of switch L L drawsdown lever b, and thus effects the conneetion of Fig. 4: and at the sametime cuts the starting resistance, with the exception of the sectioncontrolled by C, back into the circuit. 'Ihis resistance remains in thecircuit until switch N N has been moved, when it is again graduallyremoved. The current after passing through the field of motor Atraverses the magnet of the current-controller J. The torque of thearmature of this controller is resisted by the spring which is providedwith means for adjusting its resisting force, consisting of the screw60, so that it can be set to act for any current strength desired. Inincreasing the speed of the motors, either in starting or when passingfromthe series to the parallel connection, if the current exceeds thestrength for which it is adjusted the lever 61 will be rotated to theright, thus drawing 58 with it, and thereby moving the levers 59 overthe upper ends of the plungers of the switches C to I. In this way themovement of these switches will be prevented until the current strengthdrops to the proper point. As the switches can act rapidly, it might bepossible for several of them to be lifted before J could draw 58 intoposition to bring levers 59 over the tops of the plungers. To obviatethis difficulty, I place dash-pots (l or some other retarding device oneach switchplunger, so that the time required for the switch to lift maybe adjusted. In this way the movement of the switch-plungers can be madeso slow that if the current rises above the maximum for which J isadjusted the levers 59 will be brought into position before anotherswitch is lifted. It will be seen that the levers 59 are drawn to theright by means of springs, so that if one or more of the switchplungershave been lifted beforeJ acts the 59 levers above these will simply bearagainst the side of the upper end of the switch-plunger, and as 58 movesto the right they will bend backward and elongate the spring. From theforegoing it will be seen that J acts to keep the current from exceedingthe desired strength when the speed is being accelerated by preventingthe resistance cutting out switches from moving too quickly. The cutoutK is adjusted so that the torque of the armature becomes sufficient tolift lever 61' when the current strength reaches a point that isregarded as dangerous, and this will be a strength somewhat greater thanthat to which J is adjusted. WVhen the current becomes great enough toactuate K, the lever 61 will rise and connect wires 16 and a6, and thenthe current flowing in train-wire 15 will pass through the indicator 63by way of wire 65 and through closed switch 6 1 and wire 65 will reachline-wire 16 and passing through the resistance 53 will enter wire 16and flowing through the top coil of K will reach 16 and ground at 8. Thecurrent flowing through this path will be sufficient to hold the lever61 of K up even after the current through the lower coil stops. Thelifting of lever 61 will break the circuit between 17 and 19, and thusshut off the current from the main switch B B, as well as all the otherswitches. All the switches will therefore return to the normal position,and the circuit through the motors will be opened. If the motors thatare cut out by K are on the same car as the indicator 63, the currentpassing through the indicator will have to pass through only one 53resistance. Hence the pointer will swing through a wide angle to theposition 1. If the motors are on the car adjoining the one from whichthe train is operated, the current passing through 63 will have totraverse three 53 resistances. Hence it will not be so strong, and thepointer will not swing so far, but will stop at the point 2. If thecut-out motors are on the third car, the current through 63 willtraverse five 53 resistances, and if on the fourth car it will passthrough seven 53 resistances. Thus it,will be seen that the strength ofthe current that passes through the indicator 63 will vary with theposition, in the train of the car upon which the cut-out motors aremounted, and as the pointer of this instrument can be adjusted so as toswing to positions corresponding with the current strength its positioncan be utilized to indicate the car on which the cut-out motorsarelocated. As the train is generally operated from the' front car, thiscar would be No. l, and if its motors were cut out the pointer of 63would swing to 1. If the cut-out motors were on car No. 3, the pointerwould swing to 3,- and so on for any other car. It sometimes occurs thatthe motors are cut out not because there is anything wrong, but simplybecause in accelerating the speed with an extra heavy load thecurrentrises above the strength for which the cut-out is set. In suchcases if the motors are cut into circuit after the train is under waythey will run with the proper amount of current. I/Vith the arrangementhere shown if the motorman desires to cut the motors back into circuitall he has to do is to open switch 64:. In this way the current throughthe upper coil of K is cut off, and lever 61 drops and connects 17 with19, and thus the switch B B is moved. If there is a defect in the motor,it will be cut out again, but not otherwise. If the motorman opensswitch 64 to ascertain whetherthe motors are in runningcondition, heshould close it again in a second or two, and if the motors are cut outagain the indicator will denote the fact, and, furthermore, they willremain cut out so long as switch 64 remains closed. If the motormandesires to reverse the direction of the train, he first returns themaster-switch to the stop position and then swings switch 66 over so asto connect with line-wire 13. Then when the master-switch is advancedthe' current will flow into the controlling-switch circuits through wire18, andthe levers of B B will be drawn downward by the action of B, andthe motors will be connected in the way shown in Fig. 7. Theresistance-cut-out switches C to I will act in the way alreadyexplained, and in passing from the series to the parallel connectionlever Z) of switch L L will be drawn upward by L and will connect 3 with8. Switch P will then be energized and will open sistances in circuit.

' the circuit between 6 and 7, and finally switch N N will be actuated,lever 1 being depressed bythe action of N, thus connecting 1 with 6. Theconnections effected in the circuits of the switches will be the same asexplained for the forward motion, with the exception that the currentwill flow through L and N and P. When the switch N N acts, it cuts theresistance 51 into the circuit of the magnets L L, N N, M, and P, thuscutting down the current to a strength that is just sufficient to holdthem in the active position. If now the motornian returns themaster-switch to the second position, the resistance 66 will be cut in,and this will so weaken the current that the three switches L L, N N,and either M or P will not be able to remain in the operative positions,but will return to the central position in which they are drawn, and themotors will be returned to the series connection. If the master-switchis moved back to the first step, the current through main switchB B willbe cut off, but the brake-magnet will remain energized, so that thebrakes will not go on. Hence the train will be able to drift along underthe impulse of its inomentum.

In the foregoing I have shown what the operation is if the motormanmoves the master-switch slowly from step to step; but he is also liableto move it instantly to the last step. In such an event that systemwould take care of itself, and the motors would accelerate as fast asthe action of the currentcontroller J would permit and after reachingthe full series position would pass to the parallel connection. Thatsuch is the case can be understood from what follows. Suppose themaster-switch is moved at once to the third and last step. Then ascontact 67 is the first one to receive current the brake-magnet Q wouldbe the first to act and lift the brakes. Immediately after the currentflowing through one of the magnets of B B would actuate this switch andclose the motor-circuit, connecting the motors in series, with all the Rre- The switch L L will not move, because the circuit through itsmagnets is not closed until switch I lifts its plunger. The switches NN, M, and P cannot act until L L acts, because their circuits are notclosed until this switch moves into an operative position. This beingthe case, after B B moves the switches C to I will go on acting oneafter the other at a speed that will depend upon the adjustment of thedash-pots (Z and the controller J After I has acted L L will act andperform the first circuit change in passing from series to parallelconnection of the motors. Immediately after L L has acted one or theother of the switches M P will act and effect the second circuit changein passingto the parallel connection. Immediately after this switch hasacted N N will act and effect the last change in circuit connec- 'tionsrequired to obtain the parallel connection. The switches D to I will nowonce more come into action and cut out the resistances R as fast as thedash-pots (Z and the controller J will permit. If the motorman desiresto accelerate the velocity of the train as rapidly as possible, he willthrow the master-switch to the last step at once, as this will give thehighest rate of acceleration that the system is capable of, and thisshould be adjusted so as to be the highest practicable rate. If themotorman desires to accelerate at a lower rate or to not run the trainat full speed, he passes the master-switch to the second step and holdsit there until he desires to increase the velocity, when he advances tothe last step.

The resistances 49 and 50 are not essential and in reality form no partof my invention. They are commonly used in connection withelectromagnetic switches to cut down the current strength after themagnet has moved the switch to the active position, and they are so usedhere; but the means employed for cutting them in and out of the circuitare especially applicable to the system here shown and, so far as Iknow, are new. The resistance 51, while not absolutely necessary, servesa very important purpose and acts to make the operation of the switchesin returning from the parallel to the series connection more certain.When this resistance is cut into the circuit, the current passingthrough the magnets L L, N N, and P or M, whichever one may be inservice, is cut down to a point where it is just enough to hold theswitches in the active position. Hence when the master switch is movedback to the second step and it cuts in resistance 66 the currentstrength is so far reduced that it cannot hold these switches in theactive position. They therefore drop and establish the series connectionof the motors.

The switches B B L L N N are to be made so that when the current is cutoff the levers return to the central or inactive position in which theyare drawn. There are many ways in which switches are made to accomplishthis result. In some cases springs of various forms are used that exerta tension to hold the lever from being moved in either direction fromthe central position. In other cases the resisting force is gravity, anarm being suspended from one of the levers at the pivoted end providedwith a weight sufficient to bring the levers to the central position. Ihave not shown any particular arrangement for bringing the switches tothe central position, because the construction of the switches is not apart of my invention. It can be used with switches of any construction,provided they perform the functions here explained.

Fig. 2 shows my invention applied to the operation of motors connectedin the circuit in an order somewhat different from that used in Fig. 1.The difference in the connections is shown in Figs. 3 and 8. In thefirst of these figures it will be seen that the starting resistance isplaced at the positive end of the line, while in the second it is placedbetween the two motors. Owing to this difference in the location of thestarting resistance the switches required to effect the changes from theseries to the parallel connection are different, so that the functionsof switches L L, N N, M, and P of Fig. 1 are performed in Fig. 2 by theswitches S V IV U. The separate line-wire 15 used in Fig. 1 to energizethe brake-magnet is omitted in Fig. 2. The independent cut-out K of Fig.1 is replaced by aswitching arrangement K, which is actuated by thecurrent-controller J. This controller is shown in a different form, soas to illustrate more fully the fact that my invention is not restrictedto any particular construction. The master-switch at the right isarranged so that if released when in any position it will return to thestop position. This is a construction of master-switch that is commonl yused. The master-switch at the left is not arranged so as to return tothe stop position. My invention can be used with either type ofmaster-switch. In Fig. 2, as well as in Fig. 1, an independentreversing-switch 6 6 is shown; but it can readily be seen that themaster-switch can be made so that if turned in one direction it willconnect with line-wire 13 and if turned in the other direction it willconnect with line-wire 14:. Masterswitches of this type are made invarious forms and can be used in connection with my invention as well asthe non-reversing form here shown. In Fig. 2 the switches 64: and 66 areshown closed at the right side of the diagram, while those at the leftare open. In operating a train of cars all the switches would be in theopen position, as shown at the left, except those at the front end ofthe front car, and these would be closed, as shown at the right side ofthe diagram. With the switches 64 and 66 in the position shown at theright if the master-switch 68 is turned to the first step the currentfrom 68 will pass through resistance 66 to wire 13 and thence through 18to 83 and through the upper coil of brakemagnet Q to 84 on groundwire 9.The current will not pass through wire 19 to B, because wire 41 isdisconnected from 41 at the magnet-switch Q. Thus it will be seen thatthe brake-magnet must act and release the brakes before the current canpass through the main controller-switch. As soon as magnet Q raises itsplunger the lever will pass down over the contacts 88, and thus closethe circuit through E, permitting the current to flow from 19 to 21,through B to a2, through contacts 43 to 4:1, 4:1, 41", and ground 9.Although the current will now be passing through B, it will not lift upthe levers, because it is not strong enough; but if the master-switch ispassed to the second step, so as to turn the current through resistance66, which is IIO smaller than 66, the current strength will become greatenough to enable B to lift the levers, so as to connect 2 with 3, 10with 4, 6 with 7, and 5 with 12. The current will now flow through themotor-circuit as follows: From T through t to 9, to contacts of switch Uto wire 1, to contact 1 of motor A, through the field to 2, through wire2 to lever 2 of main switch, to contact 3 through wire to terminal 3 ofmotor A through to termi.

nal 4 and to contact 4 of switch, through lever 10 to terminal 10 ofstarting resistance, through R R R R R R to 12 and to contact 12 ofswitch, through lever 5 to terminal 5 of motor A to terminal 6 and lever6 of switch, through the lever of contact 7, to

wire 7' through J to 7 and to terminal 7 of motor A through thefield to8 and to g. This, as will be seen, will give the connections shown inFig. 8. The action of the switches C to I will be the same as in Fig. 1.The circuit through the magnets of these switches is controlled by theextension of lever 6 to the right and the contacts it covers when in theoperative positions, the arrangement being the same as in Fig. 1. Toreach wire 31, the current must pass through wire and contacts 33 34 ofswitch S, so that when this switch is raised the circuit is broken andthe switches C to I become inoperative. In Fig. 1 the circuit through Cis not effected, as the break is made in wire 25; but, as can be seen,the connections of Fig. 1 can be applied to Fig. 2 and those of Fig. 2can be applied to Fig. 1. Furthermore, if it is desired to arrange thecircuits so that C, D, and E or any number of the switches may not becut out by the movement of S in one case or of LL in the other it can bedone without departing from my invention. The principal object ofcutting resistance back into the circuit when passing from the series tothe parallel connection is to prevent too sudden an increase in thespeed of the motors, which would result in giving the train a jerkymotion. The amount of resistance that must be reintroduced into thecircuit to efiect this result may be the whole of the startingresistance or only a part of it. If it is found that all the startingresistance is more than is required, then all the switches G to I willnot be cutout; but C, or C and D, or any other number can be connectedin the permanent circuit formed by wires 31 and 40 in Fig. 1. It willthus be seen that the number of switches C to I that must be cut out bythe movement of the first switch that efitects the change from series toparallel connections is governed by the effect produced upon the speedof the motors. Hence the connections of Fig. 2 may be used, or it may benecessary to follow that of Fig. 1. When the I switch is lifted, the 6plate connects contacts 33 33 and the wires 33 and 89 are connected andcurrent canpass from 70 to 72 to 73 and through magnet of S to 74, to

81, 82, through lower plate of WV to ground-' wire g. The circuitthrough S will now be closed; but the magnet will not lift its plunger,as the current is too weak. If, however, the master-switch is moved tothe last step, so that the current may pass through wire 69, thereduction in the resistance will cause the current to increase enough toactuate S and connect 9 with 11, giving the connections shown in Fig. 9.The upward movement of S will disconnect contacts 33 and 34, but willconnect 33 with 90, and thus maintain the circuit through S closed. Theupper plate of S will connect wires 74 and 75, and thus energize U andbreak the connection between 1 and 9. As soon as U is raised it willconnect 74 with 78, and thus energize V. The upward movement of V willbreak the connection between 11 and 11 and at the same time connect 9with 12, giving the connections shown in Fig. 10. The lifting of V willconnect wires and 76, and thus energize W, thereby connecting 1 with 8and obtaining the parallel connection, as shown in Fig. 11. When WV israised, wire 71 is connected with 72, and then current can pass to wire31 and energize the C to I switches. These switches will now act oneafter the other and cut out all the resistance, leaving the motors inthe circuit with the resistance short-circuited, as indicated by thebroken line a in Fig. 11. When W is raised, it also cuts the resistance51 into the circuit of switches S V W U, and this reduces the currentstrength to a point where it is just sufficient to hold the switches up.If now the master-switch is moved back to the second step, theresistance 66 is cut in and the current becomes so weak that the magnetscannot hold up the S V WU switches. Hence the motors are returned to theseries connection. As already explained, when the main switch B B movesthe contacts at 43 'are uncovered and resistance 50 is cut into thecircuit of B and B and the current is reduced to a point where it isjust enough to hold the levers in the active position. Hence if themaster-switch is returned to the first step the introduction ofresistance 66 into the circuit will cut the current down to such anextent that the main switch will swing back to the open position, butthe brake-actuating magnet Q, will remain up, as it is adjusted to aweak current, so that the train will run along under the acquiredheadway. If the masterswitch is thrown instantly over to the last step,the controlling-switches will move in the proper order and at the properrate, because the main switch B B can get no current until Q has acted,and the S switch can get no current until I has acted, and switches V WU, as just explained, are dependent upon each other and cannot actexcept in their proper order. To avoid sparking when returning from theparallel to the series connection, it is desirable that switch Vv' actfirst, so as to avoid short-circuiting the line by the dropping of U,which would connect 1 and 9. To insure that W Will drop before U, aspring X to draw it open can be provided, as shown. As U acts by gravityalone, it will drop later. Switch V should drop after U, so as to avoidopening the circuit. Hence it is preferably provided with a retardingdevice, such as a dash-pot Z. In Fig. 1 switch L L should act first andN N last, or the order may be reversed; but the M and P switches shouldact between the other two. Hence one of the first-named switches can beprovided with a speed-retarding device and the other with aspeed-accelerating device, so that one will act ahead of M or P,whichever one of these is in use, and the other after it. Theseretarding and accelerating devices are not absolutely necessary. Theyare desirable, as they reduce the sparking; but both can be left off, oreither one may be used alone.

In Fig. 2 if the current increases too much J will draw 58 to the rightin the same manner as already explained in connection with Fig. 1, andif the current becomes dangerously strong 61 will swing far enougharound for its end 87 to strike the arm of K, and thus swing lever 62off the contact under it and upon those drawn to the left, and thusbreak the circuits 19 and 20 and connect 17 and 18 with the circuitthrough magnet 85. In this way the motors will be cut out just the sameas by the separate cut-out K of Fig. 1, and the circuit throughindicator 63 will be closed, so that the number of the car upon whichthe motors are cut out may be shown. The magnet 85 will attract thearmature 87 on the end of 62 only so long as 6a remains closed. Hence byopening 64: the motors can be cut back into the circuit, if desired. Asalready explained, the resistances 53 can be used to cause the indicator63 to point to the number corresponding to the car on which the motorsare cut out. These resistances, however, can be dispensed with and otherresistances inserted in the connection running from 85, as shown at 86.When resistances are placed in this position, they must be made ofdifferent magnitudes for the different cars to swing the indicator tothe proper position, for in such an arrangement the current would passthrough one resistance only, no matter on what car the motors might belocated. The current for operating the controller-magnets in thisdiagram is derived from the storage battery 91. \Vhen the resistances 53are used, the wire running from the cut out device must be connectedwith line 16 between the two resistances, so that if the cut-out motorsare on the car on which the indicator is located the current will haveto pass through one of the resistances, no matter at which end of thecar the indicator may be. The resistance 50 in Fig. 1 serves no purposeother than to cut the current down after the magnet has moved theswitch; but in Fig. 2, as will be seen, it acts in the same manner as51-that is, to insure the proper action of the switch in returning fromseries to open-circuit position-by so reducing the current strength asto make it certain that the switch will move to the open position.

The brake-magnet Q is wound with two separate coils, so as not tointerfere with the reversing of the motors. If the wires 83 83 werejoined before entering Q, the current would pass from one to the other,and thus the two coils B B would be energized whether the currententered through wire 17 or 18. \Vith the arrangement shown when currententers through wire 18 it will pass through B and lift the levers, asalready explained, connecting the motors, as in Fig. 8, and through 83it will pass to the upper coil on Q, and then to ground. hen 66 isreversed and the current enters through 17, it will pass through E anddraw down the levers, giving the connections shown in Fig. 12. It willnow flow to the lower coil of Q, through wire 88, and through the coilto ground. The magnet Q can be used to operate any type of brake eitherdirectly or indirectly. At the present time the common practice is touse air-brakes, and when Q is used in connection with these its oflicewill be to open and close the valve or valves that control the action ofthe brakes. If the train is equipped with magnetic brakes, Q canrepresent the magnet or magnets that operate the brakes, or it may actas in the case of the air-brakesthat is, to open and close the switch orswitches that control the action of the brake-moving magnets. If Q movesthe valve of an air-brake or the switch of a magnetic brake, it can besmall and can be actuated by a small current, as it will have littleWork to do; but if it moves the brakes directly it will have to be muchlarger and will have to be traversed by a stronger current, as it willhave more work to do. Thus it will be seen that the only change requiredin Q to adapt it to either case is in size, the general principle ofoperation remaining the same.

In the B B switch the levers must be insulated from each other if aconstruction similar to that here shown is used. I have thereforeindicated insulated separations in the plunger, so as to render moreclear the path of the currents through the switch; but it is to beunderstood that it is not intended that this construction be regarded asa feature of my invention, as the switch B B can be made in manydifferent forms. The above explanation applies to all the other switchesshown in the diagrams and also to the bar 58 and levers 59, which in thediagram serve to show clearly the manner in which J stops the movementof the plungers of the solenoid-magnet switches G to I. These switches,however, can be made in several other forms,

and with each form 58 and 59 would have to be modified. I do not claimany special construction of the mechanism by means of which J stops themovement of the switches, but simply the arrangement whereby the motionof J is used to arrest the motion of the C to I switches Whenever thestrength of the current through the motors renders such interferencenecessary.

In Fig. 2 it will be seen that every operation of themotor-controllingswitches,as well as the operation of the brake-magnet Qand the cut-out K,is accomplished by current derived from a singleline-wire, either 13 or let, and that 'this current is caused to actuatethe proper devices by varyingits strength by the introduction ofresistances 66 and 66" intothe circuit by the movement of themasterswitch, and that the action is rendered more positive by theintroduction at the proper times of the resistances 50 and 51 in branchcircuits derived from either 13 or 14.. It will also be seen that theswitches that perform different portions of the operations required tostart, accelerate, slow down, and stop the motors are connected in thecircuits in such relation to each other that they must act in the propersequence, regardless of whether the master-switch is moved step by stepor to the final position in one movement. In Fig. 1 themotor-controllingswitches and the cutout K are actuated by currentderived from a single line-wire, either 13 or 14; but the brake-magnetQ, is in an independent circuit. I do not claim that the independentcircuit for the magnet Q and the special line-wire 15 form a part of theinvention here explained and claimed; but I have shown this arrangementin Fig. l to make clear the fact that my invention can be applied to aportion of the total train or car-controlling apparatus as well as tothe whole.

In Fig. 2. as well as in Fig. 1, it will be noticed that the circuitsare so arranged that if the cut-out K acts it does not stop the flow ofcurrent through the brake-magnet Q. This arrangement is necessary, so asto prevent the brakes from being applied under such of pairs ofcontacts, so as to break the circuit at several points,and thus reducethe size of the breaking spark. These contacts are connected sometimesin parallel, so as to reduce the strength of current at each break, andsometimes in series, so as to reduce the electromotive force acting ateach break. In other cases the contacts are arranged both in series andin parallel. It is also customary to provide magnetic blow-outs toreduce the sparking. In Figs. 1 and 2 I have not shown such arrangement,as they would only serve to complicate the diagram; but, as can plainlybe seen, they can be readily applied, and I contemplate using themwhenever the currents handled are ofsuch magnitude as to require them.The additional contacts can be operated by adding them to the switchesshown in the diagrams, or each one of these switches can be replaced bya number of magnetic switches, each one of which can be arranged toactuate one or more pairs of contacts that is, so as to control one ormore of the circuit-breaking points. If each one of the magneticswitches shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is replaced by a group of magneticswitches and these groups are connected in the circuits in the sameorder as the individual switches here shown, the principles of myinvention will not be departed from in any way.

In Figs. 1 and 2 it will be noticed that the B B switches, as well asthe switches that effect the change from series to parallel connectionof the motors, are not arranged in the same mannerthat is, they do notmake the same circuit connections. These differences are due to the factthat the motors and starting resistance are not connected in the circuit5 in the same order (see Figs. 3 and 8) and the changes in circuitconnections by means of which the motors are passed from series to theparallel relation are not the same. There are several other ways inwhich the motors and starting resistance can be connected in thecircuit, and there are several other ways in which the circuitconnections can be changed in passing from the series to the parallelconnection of the motors. From this it can be plainly seen that theswitches that constitute the motor-controller may be modified in manyways. These modifications, however, will not in any way interfere withthe application of my invention, as its object is to properly operatethe motor-controller by the movement of the master-switch in the mannerdescribed in the foregoing, without any regard to what the constructionof the controller may be.

The series-parallel method of control need not be used, the changes inspeed being obtained in other ways. Whatever the type of the motor maybe and whatever the method first one has completed all its operations,and the third set cannot come into action until the second set hascompleted all its operations, and so on for all the sets of switchesthat constitute the controller.

In Fig. 13, in which the system has been applied to a train of cars, thecircles 100 represent the entire controller, a complete reproductionbeing unnecessary, as reference can be made to the other figures. Theparts 101 represent cables connecting the controller with the motors,all the conductors being carried Within these. The parts 102 arecouplings located at each end of each car to connect the conductors ofthe whole train. All the other parts are marked the same as in Fig. 1.The reversing 66 and indicator switches 64: are open, except at the leftend, so that the latter is the only point from which the motors can becontrolled. It will be seen that if the two motors at the left are outout one of the resistances 53 will be included in the indicator-circuit,and if the two motors on the right are cut out there will be three ofthe resistances 53 in circuit.

Having described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a motor-controllingsystem, the combination of a master-switch; a controller consistingofelectromagnetic switches, independently connected, and arranged to actin succession with progressively-increasing en ergizing-currents;conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of themotors; and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminals withthe master-switch; said master-switch being adapted to connect theterminal wires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source ofelectric energy and to reduce progressively the resistance in thesecircuits.

2. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of electromagnetic switches some of which controlthe motor-circuits, and others of which vary the resistance in saidcircuits, the magnet-circuits of the last-named controller-switchesbeing controlled by the first named controller-switches; conductorsconnecting the magnets of the controller in proper relation andterminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of the motors;and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminals with themaster-switch; said masterswitch being adapted to connect the terminalwires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energyand to reduce progressively the resistance in these circuits.

3. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of electromagnetic switches that control themotor-circuits and cut out resistance from said circuits, the magneticswitches being opened and closed by the switches in the order requiredto effect a proper movement of said switches; conductors connecting themagnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wirefor each direction of rotation of the motors; and conductors connectingthe controller-circuit terminals with the master-switch, and saidmaster-switch being adapted to connect the terminal wires of thecontroller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energy and to reduceprogressively the resistance in these circuits.

4:. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch, acontroller consisting of electromagnetic switches that close themotor-circuits for each direction of rotation, and other electromagneticswitches that move in succession to cut outthe starting resistance, themagnet-circuits of all the last-named controller-switches beingcontrolled by the first-named controller-switches, conductors connectingthe magnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in onewire for each direction of rotation of the motors, and conductorsconnecting the controller-circuit terminals with the master-switch; saidmaster-switch being adapted to connect the terminal wires of thecontroller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energy and to reduceprogressively the resistance in these circuits.

5. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch, acontroller consisting of electromagnetic switches, some of which cutresistance out of the motor-circuits, these switches being controlled byeach other, the movement of one closing the magnet-circuit of the onethat acts immediately after it; conductors connecting the magnets of thecontroller in proper relation and terminating in one wire for eachdirection of rotation of the motors; and conductors connecting thecontroller circuit terminals with the masterswitch; said master-switchbeing adapted to connect the terminal wires of the controllermagnetcircuit with a source of electric energy and to reduce progressively theresistance in these circuits.

6. In amotor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of electromagnetic switches which cut resistanceout of the motor-circuits, mechanism that stops the movement of thecut-out switches when the motor-current becomes too strong, and acurrent-controlling magnet to operate said mechanism; conductorsconnecting the magnets of the controller in proper relation andterminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of the motors;and linewires connecting the circuit-terminals of the severalcontrollers in parallel with each otherand with the master switch; saidmasterswitch being connected with a source of electric energy and withline-wires, arranged to move over a number of contacts and thereby toreduce, progressively, the resistance in the controller-magnet circuit.

7. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of main switches to connect motors for eitherdirection of rotation, cut-out switches to vary resistance inmotorcircuits, other switches to change motor connections for varyingtheir velocity, all these switches being operated by electromagnets, thefirst-named switches controlling the magnet-circuits of the second set,and the second set controlling the magnet-circuits of the third set;conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of themotors; and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminals withthe master-switch; said master-switch being adapted to connect theterminal wires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source ofelectric energy and to reduce progressively the resistance in thesecircuits.

8. In a motor-controlling system, the com-. bination with amaster-switch; a controller consisting of groups of electromagneticswitches the first group acting to connect the motor-circuits for thedesired direction of rotation, the other groups acting to vary thevelocity of motors, and magnet-circuits of one group being controlled bythe movement of the preceding group; conductors connecting the magnetsof the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire foreach direction of rotation of the motors; and conductors connecting thecontroller circuit terminals with the master-switch said masterswitchbeing adapted to connect the terminal wires of the controller-magnetcircuit with a source of electric energy and to reduce progressively theresistance in these circuits.

9. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of electromagnetic switches that act insuccession, the first ones moved acting to connect the motor-circuitsfor the required direction of rotation and to close the magnetcircuitsof the second-acting switches, these second switches acting to vary themotor velocity and'to close the magnet-circuits of the third-actingswitches; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in properrelation and terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation ofthemotors; and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminalswith the master-switch; said masterswitch being adapted to connect theterminal wires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source ofelectric energy and to reduce progressively the resistance in thesecircuits.

10. In a motor-controlling system the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consistingof electromagnetic main switches, electromagneticresistance cut-out switches, and

a current-controlling magnet to control the movement of the cut-outs;conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of themotors; and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminals withthe master-switch; said masterswitch being adapted to connect theterminal wires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source ofelectric energy and to reduce progressively the resistance in thesecircuits.

11. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of electromagnetic switches which-cut resistanceout of the motor-circuits, retarding devices for said switches, and acurrent-regulating magnet that stops their movement when the currentthrough the motors becomes too strong; conductors connecting the magnetsof the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire foreach direction of rotation of the motors; line-wires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the masterswitch, said master-switch being connected with asource of electric energy adapted to connect with the line-wires, toadvance step by step and as it advances to reduce the resistance in thecontroller-magnet circuits.

12. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of electromagnetic switches arranged to controlthe motors by acting in succession, the first-acting switchescontrolling the magnet-circuits of those acting after them; conductorsconnecting the magnets of the controller in proper relation andterminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of the motors;conductors connecting the controllercircuit terminals with themaster-switch; said master-switch being adapted to connect the terminalwires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energyand to reduce progressively the resistance in these circuits.

13. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of electromagnets which cut resistance out of themotor-circuits, mechanism that stops the motion of the cut-outs when them0- tor-current becomes too strong, the controlling-magnet having meansto adjust it to act with currents of different strength, and adapted tooperate said mechanism; conductors connecting the magnets of thecontroller in proper relation and terminating in one wire for eachdirection of rotation of the motors; and linewires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switcl1,said master-switch being connected with asource of electric energy, and with the line-wires, through resistances,and adapted to cut out these resistances as it advances step by step.

14:. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having resistance-cut-out switches, dash-pots for theresistance-switches to retard their movement in the direction thatreduces resistance in the motor-circuits; conductors connecting themagnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wirefor each direction of rotation of the motors, and linewires connectingthe circuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with eachother and with the master switch, said masterswitch being connected witha source of electric energy, and with the line-wires, throughresistances, and adapted to cut out these resistances as it advancesstep by step.

15. Ina motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having resistance-cut-out switches, dash-pots for theresistance-switches to retard their movement in the direction thatreduces resistance in the motor-circuits, and a current-regulatingmagnet, energized by the motor-current, that stops movement of cut-outswhen motorcurrent becomes too strong; conductors conmeeting the magnetsof the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire foreach direction of the motors; and line-wires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switch; said master-switch being connected with asource of electric en ergy and with the line-wires, and arranged to moveover a number of contacts and thereby to reduce, progressively, theresistance in the controller-magnet circuit.

16. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having resistance-cut-out switches, retarding devices forthe switches, mechanical means for stopping the movement of thecut-outs, and a magnetic current-controller energized by the motorcurrent and actuating the stopping means; conductors connecting themagnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wirefor each direction of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connectingthe circuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with eachother and with the master-switch, said master-switch being connectedwith a source of electric energy and with the line-wires, and arrangedto move over a number of contacts and thereby to reduce, progressively,the resistance in the controllermagnet circuit.

17. In a motor-eontrolling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having magnetically-operated switches to change the motorconnections from series to parallel, and retarding devices for some ofthe switches that act in returning from the parallel to the seriesconnection; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller inproper relation and terminating in one wire for each direction ofrotation of the motors; and line-wires connecting the circuit-terminalsof the several controllers in parallel with each other and with themaster-switch; said master-switch being connected with a source ofelectric energy and adapted to connect with either one of two of theline-wires, and to reduce the resistance in the controller-magnetcircuits as it advances from first to last position.

18. In a motor-controlling system, the com bination of a master-switch;controllers having electromagnetic switches to change the motorconnections from series to parallel, and speed increasing devices forsome of the switches to accelerate their movement in changing fromparallel to series connection; conductors connecting the magnets of thecontroller in proper relation and terminating in one wire for eachdirection of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connecting thecircuitterminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switch; said master-switch being connected with asource of electric energy adapted to connect with the line-wiresdirectly or through a reversing-switch, to advance step by step and asit advances to reduce the resistance in the controller-magnet circuits.

19. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having electromagnetic switches to change the motorconnections from series to parallel, retarding devices for some of theswitches and accelerating devices for other of the switches which comeinto action when the motors are returned from parallel to seriesconnection; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller inproper relation and terminating in one wire for each direction ofrotation of the motors; line-wires connecting the circuit-terminals ofthe several controllers in parallel with each other and with themaster-switch; said master-switch being connected with a source ofelectric energy, and with the linewires, through resistances, andadapted to cut out these resistances as it advances step by step.

20. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having electromagnetic switches which cut resistances out ofthe motor-circuits, and a main switch provided with contacts throughwhich the magnet-circuits of the resistance cut-out are closed when mainswitch is moved to an active position; conductors connecting the magnetsof the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire foreach direction of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switch; said master-switch being connected with asource of electric energy, and with the line-wires through tworesistances and arranged to move over contacts and to cut out theseresistances as it moves.

21. In amotor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers havances out of the motor-circuits, and a main switch havingcontacts to connect the main circuit of the magnets of the resistancecutouts, the resistance first cut out having contacts through which themagnet-circuit of second resistance cut-out is closed, the secondresistance cut-out having contacts to close magnet-circuit ofthirdresistance cut-out, the latter being related in like manner to thefourth, this order being preserved to the last resistance cut-out;conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of themotors; and line-wires connecting the circuit terminals of the severalcontrollers in parallel with each other and with the master-switch; saidmasterswitch being connected with a source of electric energy, and withthe line-wires through two resistances and arranged to move overcontacts and to cut out these resistances as it moves.

22. In a'motor-controlling system the combination of a master-switch;controllers having electromagnetic switches which cut resistances out ofthe motor-circuits, the last resistance cut-out having contacts throughwhich resistance is cut into the main circuit of the resistance-cut-outmagnets when this last resistance-switch acts; conductors connecting themagnets of the controller in proper rela tion and terminating in onewire for each direction of rotation of the motors; and linewiresconnecting the circuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallelwith each other and with the master switch, said masterswitch beingconnected with a source of electric energy, and with the line-wiresthrough two resistances and arranged to move over contacts and to cutout these resistances as it moves.

23. In amotor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having electromagnetic switches which cut resistances out ofthe motor-circuits and a main switch having contacts to closemagnet-circuit of first resistance cut out switch this switch havingcontacts to close magnet-circuit of second resistance-cut-out switch,the latter having contacts to close magnet-circuit of third resistancecut-out, the remaining resistance cut-outs being arranged in like order;conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of themotors; and line-wires connecting the circuitterminals of the severalcontrollers in parallel with each other and with the master-switch; saidmaster-switch being connected with a source of electric energy and withthe linewires, and arranged to move over a number of contacts andthereby to reduce, progressively, the resistance in thecontroller-magnet circuit.

24. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers having electromagnetic main switch and electromagneticswitches which cut resistances out of the motor-circuits, the lastresistance-cutout switch having contacts through which resistance is cutinto the magnet-circuits of all the resistance cut-outs except thosewhose circuits are closed by the main switch; conductors connecting themagnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wirefor each direction of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connectingthe circuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with eachother and with the master-switch; said master-switch being connectedwith a source of electric energy and with the linewires,'and arranged tomove over a number of contacts and thereby to reduce, progressively, theresistance in the controller-magnet circuit.

25. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers hav-v ing main switches, resistance-cutout switches, andspeed-varying switches, the main switches having contacts to controlmagnet-circuits of the cut-out switches, the cut-out switches havingcontacts that control magnet-circuit of first speed-varying switch,conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of themotors; and line- I wires connecting the circuit-terminals of theseveral controllers in parallel with each other and with themaster-switch; said masterswitch being connected with a source ofelectric energy and with the line-wires, and arranged to move over anumber of contacts and thereby to reduce, progressively, the resistancein the controller-magnet circuit.

26. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of main switches, resistance-cut-out switches andspeed-varying switches, the first speed-varying switch having contactsto control the magnetic circuit of the second speedvarying switch, thesecond speed-varying switch having contacts to control magnet-circuit ofthird speed-varying switch, and the remaining speed-varying switchesbeing arranged in the same order; conductors connecting the magnets ofthe controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire for eachdirection of rotation of the motors; and linewires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switch; said masterswitch being connected with asource of electric energy adapted to connect with the linewires, toadvance step by step and as it advances to reduce the resistance in thecontroller-magnet circuits.

27. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of main switches, resistance-cut-out switches andswitches to change connection of motors from series to parallel, themagnetcircuits of first series-parallel switch being controlled by lastresistance-cut-out switch, the first series-parallel switch controllingmagnetcircuit of second, the second related in like manner to the thirdand the third in like manner to the fourth; conductors connecting themagnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wirefor each direction of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connectingthe circuitterminals of the several controllers in parallel with eachother and with the master-switch; said master-switch being connectedwith a source of electric energy, and adapted to connect with thelinewires to advance step by step and as it advances to reduce theresistance in the controller-magnet circuit.

28. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;series-parallel controllers consisting of electromagneticresistance-cut-out switches and switches to change the connection of themotor from series to parallel, the first series-parallel switch havingcontacts that control the circuits through all or a portion of themagnets of the cut-out switches whereby the movement of this switch tothe active position returns the cut-outs controlled by it to theinactive position; conductors connecting the magnets of the controllerin proper relation and terminating in one wire for each direction ofrotation of the motors; the line-wires connecting the circuit-terminalsof the several controllers in parallel with each other and with themaster-switch; said master-switch being connected with a source ofelectric energy, and adapted to connect with the line-wires to advancestep by step and as it advances to reduce the resistance in thecontroller-magnet circuit.

29. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a masterswitch;series-parallel controllers consisting of electromagneticresistance-cut-out switches, and switches to change the connection ofthe motor from series to parallel, the first series-parallel switchhaving contacts that control the circuits through all or a portion ofthe magnets of the resistance-cut'out switches and other contacts toclose its own circuit when in an active position and render itindependent of last cut-out switch; conductors connecting the magnets ofthe controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire for eachdirection of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connecting thecircuitterminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switch, said master-switch being connected with asource of electric energy, and adapted to connect with the line-wires,to advance step by step and as it advances to reduce the resistance inthe controller-magnet circuits.

30. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of an electromagnetic main switch provided withcontacts that are disconnected when the switch is in an active positionand a resistance cut into the circuit of the mainswitch magnet when theswitch is in an active position; circuits connecting the magnets of thecontroller in proper relation and terminating in one wire foreach'direction of rotation of the motor; conductors connecting thecontroller-circuit terminals with the masterswitch; said master-switchbeing adapted to connect the terminal wires of thecontrollermagnet-circuit terminals with a source of electric energy andto reduce progressively the resistance in these circuits.

31. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;series-parallel controllers consisting of electromagneticresistance-cut-out and series-parallel switches, the firstseries-parallel switch when moved to an active position breaking thecircuit through some of the magnets of the resistance-cut-out switches,and the last series-parallel switch when moved to an active positionclosing these circuits again; conductors connecting the magnets of thecontroller in proper relation and terminating in one wire for eachdirection of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switch; said master-switch being connected with asource of electric energy, and adapted to connect with either one of twoline-wires and to reduce the resistance in the controller-magnetcircuits as it advances from first to last position.

32. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;series-parallel controllers consisting of electromagneticresistance-cut-out and series-parallel switches the last series-parallelswitch being provided with contacts that are separated when saidseries-parallel switch moves to an active position and a resistance cutinto the magnetcircuit of the series-parallel switches when in suchactive position; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller inproper relation and terminating in one wire for each direction ofrotation of the motors; and linewires connecting the circuit-terminalsof the several controllers in parallel with each other and with themaster-switch; said masterswitch being connected with a source ofelectric energy and adapted to connect with either one of twoline-wires, and to reduce the resistance in the controller-magnetcircuits as it advances from first to last position.

33. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of an electromagnetic main switch, abrake-actuating magnet, a switch closing the magnetic circuit of themain switch when the brake-magnet is moved to the active position,conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in sisting of an electromagnetic main switch and abrake-actuating magnet, arranged to keep the main-switch magnet-circuitopen, after the main controller-circuit is closed, until thebrake-magnet moves to the active position; conductors connecting themagnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wirefor each direction of rotation of the motors; and line-wires connectingthe circuitterminals of the several controllers in parallel with eachother and with the master-switch; said master-switch being connectedwith a source of electric energy, and with the linewires, throughresistances, and adapted to out out these resistances as it advancesstep by step.

35. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch,controllers consisting of electromagnetic switches, a cut-out actuatedby the motor-current, that breaks the circuit through themagnet-circuits of all the switches, and a retaining magnetizingcoilhaving its circuit closed by the cut-out and holding said cut-out in thecut-out position; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller inproper relation and terminating in contacts of the automatic cut-out;and line-wires connecting the circuit-terminals of the severalcontrollers in parallel with each other and with the master-switch, saidmaster-switch being connected with a source of electric energy, and withthe line-wires through two resistances, and arranged to moveover-contacts and to cut out these resistances as it moves.

36. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch,controllers consisting of electromagnetic switches, divided into groupsof one or more switches, the groups arranged to act in succession, eachgroup requiring more current to actuate it than the preceding group;conductors connecting the magnets of the several groups of switches inproper relation, the circuits of each group terminating in two wires,one for each direction of rotation of the motors; and line-wiresconnecting the circuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallelwith each other and with the master-switch; said master-switch beingconnected with a source of electric energy and .with the line-wires, andarranged to move over a number of contacts and thereby to reduce,progressively the resistance in the controller-magnet circuit.

37. In a motor-controllingsystem, thercom- 1 bination of amaster-switch, a controller consisting of electromagnetic main switches,resistance cut out and speed accelerating switches, the main andcut-outswitches being arranged to be actuated by a current of the samestrength, and this current being insuflicient to actuate theaccelerating-switches; conductors connecting the magnets of thecontroller in proper relation and terminating in one wire for eachdirection of rotation of the motors; and circuits connecting thecontrollercircuit terminals with the master-switch; said master-switchbeing adapted to connect the terminal wires of the controller-magnetcircuit with a source of electric energy and to reduce progressively theresistance in these circuits.

88. In a motor-controlling system, the combination 01 a master-switch; anumber of controllers each one consisting of electromagnetic switches,adapted to control one or more [noswitches, adapted to control one ormore motors, and arranged to act in succession, conductorsconnecting themagnets of the controller in proper relation and terminating in twowires; and line-wires connecting the circuit-terminals of the severalcontrollers in parallel with each other and with the masterswitch; saidmaster-switch being connected with a source of electric energy and withthe line-wires, and arranged to move over a number of contacts andthereby to reduce progressively, the resistance in the controllermagnetcircuit.

40. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; anumber of con- 7 trollers, each one consisting of electromagneticswitches, arranged in groups adapted to act in succession and controltwo or more motors in accordance with the series-parallel system;conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in proper relationand terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of themotors; and line-wires connecting the circuit-terminals of the severalcontrollers in parallel with each other and with the master-switch; saidmaster-switch being connected with a source of electric energy andadapted to connect with either one of two line-wires, and to reduce theresistance in the controller-magnet circuits at it advances from firstto last position.

41. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of amaster-switch; anumber of controllers, each one consisting of electromagnetic switches,divided into groups arranged to act in succession, the first actinggroup to close the motor-circuits, the second to cut out the startingresistance, and the remaining groups to change the motor connectionsfrom all in series to all in parallel; conductors connecting the magnetsof the several groups of switches in proper relation, the circuit ofeach group terminating in two wires, one for each direction of rotationof the motors; and line-wires connecting the circuit-terminals of theseveral controllers in parallel with each other and with themaster-switch; said masterswitch being connected with a source of electric energy and adapted to connect with the line-wires, to advance stepby step and as it advances to reduce the resistance in the controller-magnet circuit.

42. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; anumber of controllers, each one consisting of electromagnetic switches,arranged to control one or more motors by acting in succession, thefirst acting switches connecting the motor-circuits for the desireddirection of rotation, the second acting switches cutting out thestartingresistance, and the other switches acting to accelerate thevelocity; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in properrelation and terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation ofthe motors; and linewires connecting the circuit-terminals of theseveral controllers in parallel with each other and with the masterswitch, said masterswitch being connected with a source of electricenergy, and with the line-wires through two resistances and arranged tomove over contacts and to cut out these resistances as it moves.

43. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of a main switch B B resistance-cutout switches Cto I provided with retarding devices, switch I having contacts 32, 32and 33, 33, conductors connecting the magnets of the controller inproper relation and terminating in one wire for each direction ofrotation of the motors; and conductors con necting thecontroller-circuit terminals with the master-switch; said master-switchadapted to connect the terminal wires of the controller-magnet circuitwith a source of electric energy and to reduce progressively theresistance in these circuits.

44. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of a main switch B B, resistance cutouts O to I, acurrent-controller J and a mechanism acted upon by the controller-moverto stop the movement of the cut-out switches;

conductors connecting the magnets 01 the controller-circuit terminalswith the master switch; said master-switch being adapted to connect theterminal wires or the controllermagnet circuit with a source of electricenergy and to reduce progressively the resistance in these circuits.

45. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of amaster-switch; acontroller consisting of a main switch B B, cut-out switches C to I, acurrentcontroller, mechanism actuated by the controller, and anautomatic cutout K to break the controllermagnet circuit and thus cutout the motors; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller inproper relation and terminating in contacts of the automatic cut-out;and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminals with themaster-switch; said master-switch being adapted to connect the terminalwires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energyand to reduce progressively the resistance in these circuits.

46. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of a main switch B B, resistance cutouts C to I,and switches to accelerate the motor velocity, the magnet-circuit ofthese latter switches being controlled by I switch; conductorsconnecting the magnets of the controller in proper relation andterminating in one wire for each direction of rotation of the motors;and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminals with themasterswitch; said masterswitch being adapted to connect the terminalwires of the controllerrnagnet circuit with a source of electric energyand to reduce progressively the resistance in these circuits.

47. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of a main switch B B, resistance cutouts U to I,and switches to change the motor connections from series to parallel,the magnet-circuits of these latter switches being opened and closed byswitch I; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in properrelation and terminating in one wire for each direction of rotation ofthe motors; and conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminalswith the master-switch; said master-switch being adapted to connect theterminal wires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source ofelectric energy and to reduce progressively the resistance in thesecircuits.

48. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch, acontroller consisting of the main switch, the brake-magnet Q, a switchactuated by the brake-magnet to actuate the main switch, resistancecut-outs, a current-controller for making the cut-outs inoperative, anautomatic cut-out operated to out out all the switches; conductorsconnecting the magnets of the controller in proper relation andterminating in contacts of the automatic cut-out; and conductorsconnecting the controller circuit terminals with the masterswitch; saidmaster -switch being adapted to connect the terminal wires of thecontroller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energy and to reduceprogressively the resistance in these circuits.

49. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of the main switch, resistance cut-outs, switchesto change motor connections from series to parallel, the magnet-circuitsof these being controlled by one of the resistance cutouts, a currentcontroller for making the cut-outs inoperative, an automatic cut-outoperated to cut out all the switches, conductors connecting the magnetsof the controller in proper relation and terminating in contacts of theautomatic cut-out; and conductors connecting the controller-circuitterminals with the master-switch; said master-switch being adapted toconnect the terminal wires of the controller-magnet circuit with asource of electric energy and to reduce progressively the resistance inthese circuits.

50. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of amaster-switch;acontroller consisting of the main switch, the brake-magnet, a switchactuated by the brake-magnet to actuate the main switch, resistancecut-outs, switches to accelerate the motor velocity, thecurrent-controller for making the resistance cut-outs inoperative, theautomatic cut-out operated to cut out all the switches, conductorsconnecting the magnets of the controller in proper relation andterminating in contacts of the automatic cut-out; and conductorsconnecting the controller-circuit terminals with the master-switch; saidmaster-switch being adapted to connect the terminal-wires of thecontroller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energy and to reduceprogressively the resistance in these circuits.

51. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch; acontroller consisting of a main switch, the brake-magnet arranged toclose a circuit to the main switch, resistance cut-outs arranged to becontrolled by the main switch, a resistance cut into the magnet-circuitof the main switch, the speedaccelerating switches controlled by theresistance cut-out switches, and the resistance in the circuit of theseswitches; conductors connecting the magnets of the controller in properrelation, terminating in onewire for each direction of rotation of themotor; conductors connecting the controller-circuit terminals with themaster-switch; said masterswitch being adapted to connect the terminalwires of the controller-magnet circuit with a source of electric energyand to reduce progressively the resistance in these circuits.

52. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of electromagnetic switches, provided with acut-out actuated by the motor-current that breaks the circuit throughthe magnet-circuits of all the switches, and a retainingmagnetizing-coil having its circuit closed by the cut-out and holdingthe cut-out in the cut-out position; conductors connecting the magnetsof the' controller in proper relation and terminating in contacts of theautomatic cut-out, line-wires connecting the circuit-terminals of theseveral controllers in parallel with each other and with themaster-switch; an indicator and a wire leading from the automaticcut-out through the retaining-coil to a line-wire, and thence throughindicator to the master-switch circuit; said master-switch beingconnected with a source of electric energy and with the linewires, andarranged to move over a number of contacts and thereby to reduce,progressively, the resistance in the controllermagnet circuit.

53. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of electromagnetic switches, provided with acut-out actuated by the motor-current, that breaks the circuit throughthe magnet-circuits of all the switches, and a retainingmagnetizing-coil having its circuit closed by the cut-out and holdingthe cut-out in the cut-out position; conductors connecting the magnetsof the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire foreach direction of rotation of the motors; line-wires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the masterswitch; resistances in one of the line-wires; anindicator and a wire connecting the cut-out with a line-wire having theresistances between resistances to close circuit through the indicatorwhen motors are cut out; said master-switch being connected with asource of electric energy, and adapted to connect with theline-wires toadvance step by step, and as it advances to reduce the resistance in thecontroller-magnet circuit.

54. In a motor-controlling system, the combination of a master-switch;controllers consisting of electromagnetic switches, and provided with acut-out actuated by the motor-current, that breaks the circuit throughthe magnet-circuits of all the switches, and a retainingmagnetizing-coil having its circuit closed by the cut-out and holdingthe cut-out in the cut-out position; conductors connecting the magnetsof the controller in proper relation and terminating in one wire foreach direction of rotation of the motors; line-wires connecting thecircuit-terminals of the several controllers in parallel with each otherand with the master-switch; an indicator; a wire run-

